Statistical Significance

You'll understand that statistical significance tells us whether an observed result is likely real or just due to random chance.

You'll learn how p-values quantify the probability of results occurring by chance and why 0.05 is the standard cutoff for declaring significance.

You'll distinguish between false positives (Type I) and false negatives (Type II) to understand the real risks in hypothesis testing.

You'll see how effect size measures practical importance and how statistical power determines your ability to detect real effects reliably.